45th Parliament · 18 stories · 40 events · as of November 1, 2026
As of November 1, 2026, the Liberals hold 173 of 343 seats, the Conservatives 137, the Bloc Québécois 21, the NDP 5, and the Greens 1; 6 seats are vacant, and 172 make a majority.
Told as the board deals it: each sitting an act, each act's events in stories, every event a row with its date, its source and the standing after it. Every story has its own page; a row's link is permanent, its anchor the event's id. Play it on the board
The 2025 general election: the seats each party won
On the last Monday of April the country votes in 343 ridings, and five parties win seats in the 45th Parliament, the Liberals the most.
The electionThe 45th general election The Liberals win 169 of 343 seats, the Conservatives 144, the Bloc Québécois 22, the NDP 7 and the Greens 1.Source: elections.caAfter: Liberals 169, Conservatives 144, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 7, Greens 1.
On election night Jagmeet Singh announces he is stepping down; before the House first sits, Jonathan Pedneault leaves the Green co-leadership and the NDP names Don Davies interim leader.
LeaderNDP: Jagmeet Singh to step down Jagmeet Singh announces on election night that he is resigning as leader of the NDP.Source: ndp.caAfter: Liberals 169, Conservatives 144, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 7, Greens 1.
LeaderGreen Party: Pedneault leaves the co-leadership Jonathan Pedneault leaves as co-leader of the Green Party, and Elizabeth May, the other co-leader, remains.Source: greenparty.caAfter: Liberals 169, Conservatives 144, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 7, Greens 1.
LeaderNDP interim leader: Don Davies The NDP's Federal Council and caucus select Don Davies, member for Vancouver Kingsway, as interim leader, succeeding Jagmeet Singh.Source: ndp.caAfter: Liberals 169, Conservatives 144, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 7, Greens 1.
In May the King reads the Speech from the Throne in the Senate, and in June the House grants supply for the year by 194 votes to 141.
In the HouseThe Speech from the Throne King Charles III reads the Speech from the Throne to both Houses of Parliament in the Senate, opening the first session of the 45th Parliament.Source: ourcommons.caAfter: Liberals 169, Conservatives 144, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 7, Greens 1.
In the HouseSupply for 2025–26 passes The House concurs in the 2025–26 Main Estimates and Supplementary Estimates (A) and passes their appropriation bills, C-6 and C-7, by 194 votes to 141 in each of eight divisions.Source: ourcommons.caAfter: Liberals 169, Conservatives 144, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 7, Greens 1.
Trade measures between Canada and the United States, June 2025
Offstage, a U.S. proclamation doubles the tariff on imported steel and aluminum, Canada’s included, from 25% to 50% on the fourth of June.
TradeU.S. steel and aluminum tariff to 50% The United States raises its tariff on imported steel and aluminum, Canada’s included, from 25% to 50%. From this date: A 50% U.S. tariff on steel and aluminum from Canada. Source: federalregister.gov
At the end of June a by-election is called in Battle River—Crowfoot, and in August the riding sends Pierre Poilievre back to the House as Leader of the Opposition.
By-electionBattle River—Crowfoot: a by-election called A by-election is called in Battle River—Crowfoot for August 18, 2025.Source: elections.caAfter: Liberals 169, Conservatives 143, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 7, Greens 1; 1 vacant.
By-electionBattle River—Crowfoot by-election Pierre Poilievre wins Battle River—Crowfoot for the Conservatives and is Leader of the Opposition from this day.Source: gazette.gc.ca · Result: Battle River—CrowfootAfter: Liberals 169, Conservatives 144, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 7, Greens 1.
In September the NDP opens its race for leader, to be decided in Winnipeg in March, and in November five candidates meet its rules to run.
LeaderNDP leadership race opens The NDP opens its leadership race and publishes its rules, with the new leader to be announced in Winnipeg on March 29, 2026.Source: ndp.caAfter: Liberals 169, Conservatives 144, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 7, Greens 1.
LeaderNDP leadership: five candidates Rob Ashton, Tanille Johnston, Avi Lewis, Heather McPherson and Tony McQuail meet the requirements to run for leader of the NDP.Source: ndp.caAfter: Liberals 170, Conservatives 143, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 7, Greens 1.
Twice the floor is crossed: Chris d'Entremont of Acadie—Annapolis in November, Michael Ma of Markham—Unionville on the sitting’s last day, each from the Conservative benches to the Liberal side.
Crosses the floorChris d'Entremont sits as a Liberal Chris d'Entremont, member for Acadie—Annapolis, leaves the Conservative caucus and sits for the Liberals from this day.Source: ourcommons.caAfter: Liberals 170, Conservatives 143, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 7, Greens 1.
Crosses the floorMichael Ma sits as a Liberal Michael Ma, member for Markham—Unionville, leaves the Conservative caucus and sits for the Liberals from this day.Source: ourcommons.caAfter: Liberals 171, Conservatives 142, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 7, Greens 1.
In November the Minister of Finance presents Budget 2025, and thirteen days later the House approves its budgetary policy by 170 votes to 168.
In the HouseBudget 2025 in the House François-Philippe Champagne, Minister of Finance and National Revenue, presents Budget 2025 and moves that the House approve in general the budgetary policy of the government.Source: budget.canada.caAfter: Liberals 170, Conservatives 143, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 7, Greens 1.
In the HouseThe budget vote carries The House approves in general the budgetary policy of the government by 170 votes to 168.Source: ourcommons.caAfter: Liberals 170, Conservatives 143, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 7, Greens 1.
Trade measures between Canada and the United States, August to October 2025
Offstage, three orders at the border: a 35% U.S. duty, a narrower Canadian surtax, a 10% tariff on lumber. At home the Bank of Canada cuts its rate.
TradeU.S. duty on Canadian goods to 35% The United States raises its extra duty on Canadian goods that do not qualify under CUSMA from 25% to 35%. From this date: A 35% U.S. duty on Canadian goods outside CUSMA. Source: federalregister.gov
TradeCanada removes most of its surtax on U.S. goods Canada ends its 25% surtax on U.S. goods other than steel, aluminum and motor vehicles. From this date: Canada’s surtax only on U.S. steel, aluminum and motor vehicles. Source: gazette.gc.ca
TradeU.S. tariff on softwood lumber The United States puts a 10% tariff on imported softwood timber and lumber, and 25% on certain upholstered wooden products, kitchen cabinets and vanities. From this date: A 10% U.S. tariff on softwood lumber, Canada’s included. Source: federalregister.gov
Two Liberals resign and the Supreme Court annuls a third Liberal win. In April Liberals win all three seats back.
Seat vacantUniversity—Rosedale falls vacant Chrystia Freeland, Liberal member for University—Rosedale, resigns her seat.Source: ourcommons.caAfter: Liberals 170, Conservatives 142, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 7, Greens 1; 1 vacant.
Seat vacantScarborough Southwest falls vacant Bill Blair, Liberal member for Scarborough Southwest, resigns his seat.Source: ourcommons.caAfter: Liberals 169, Conservatives 142, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 7, Greens 1; 2 vacant.
The courtTerrebonne: the 2025 election annulled The Supreme Court of Canada annuls the 2025 election in Terrebonne, won by Tatiana Auguste for the Liberals, and the seat is vacant.Source: scc-csc.caAfter: Liberals 168, Conservatives 142, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 7, Greens 1; 3 vacant.
By-electionBy-elections called in University—Rosedale, Scarborough Southwest and Terrebonne By-elections are called in University—Rosedale, Scarborough Southwest and Terrebonne for April 13, 2026.Source: elections.caAfter: Liberals 169, Conservatives 141, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 7, Greens 1; 3 vacant.
By-electionBy-elections in University—Rosedale, Scarborough Southwest and Terrebonne Danielle Martin wins University—Rosedale, Doly Begum Scarborough Southwest and Tatiana Auguste Terrebonne, each for the Liberals.Source: gazette.gc.ca · Result: University—Rosedale · Scarborough Southwest · TerrebonneThe Liberals: 171 to 174 seats, at or over the majority line (172 seats).After: Liberals 174, Conservatives 140, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 6, Greens 1.
Over the winter and spring five members change benches: three cross to the Liberals, two leave to sit as independents.
Crosses the floorMatt Jeneroux sits as a Liberal Matt Jeneroux, member for Edmonton Riverbend, leaves the Conservative caucus and sits for the Liberals from this day.Source: ourcommons.caAfter: Liberals 169, Conservatives 141, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 7, Greens 1; 3 vacant.
Crosses the floorLori Idlout sits as a Liberal Lori Idlout, member for Nunavut, leaves the NDP caucus and sits for the Liberals from this day.Source: ourcommons.caAfter: Liberals 170, Conservatives 141, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 6, Greens 1; 3 vacant.
Crosses the floorMarilyn Gladu sits as a Liberal Marilyn Gladu, member for Sarnia—Lambton—Bkejwanong, leaves the Conservative caucus and sits for the Liberals from this day.Source: ourcommons.caAfter: Liberals 171, Conservatives 140, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 6, Greens 1; 3 vacant.
Sits as an independentAlexandre Boulerice sits as an independent Alexandre Boulerice, member for Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie, leaves the NDP caucus and sits as an independent from this day.Source: ourcommons.caAfter: Liberals 174, Conservatives 140, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 5, independents 1, Greens 1.
Sits as an independentSimon-Pierre Savard-Tremblay sits as an independent Simon-Pierre Savard-Tremblay, member for Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot—Acton, leaves the Bloc Québécois caucus and sits as an independent from this day.Source: ourcommons.caAfter: Liberals 174, Conservatives 140, Bloc Québécois 21, NDP 5, independents 2, Greens 1.
In late March the NDP elects Avi Lewis its leader on the first ballot, with 56% of the votes and no seat in the House, and in June the Green Party opens its race.
LeaderNDP leader: Avi Lewis Avi Lewis is elected leader of the NDP on the first ballot, with 39,734 of 70,930 votes (56%), and does not hold a seat in the House.Source: ndp.caAfter: Liberals 170, Conservatives 141, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 6, Greens 1; 3 vacant.
LeaderGreen Party leadership race opens The Green Party opens its leadership race, with members to vote from November 2 to 13 and the result to be announced on November 14, 2026.Source: greenparty.caAfter: Liberals 174, Conservatives 140, Bloc Québécois 21, NDP 5, independents 2, Greens 1.
In June the House concurs in the Main Estimates for 2026–27 and passes their appropriation bill, C-33, by 191 votes to 134.
In the HouseSupply for 2026–27 passes The House concurs in the 2026–27 Main Estimates on division and passes their appropriation bill, C-33, by 191 votes to 134.Source: ourcommons.caAfter: Liberals 174, Conservatives 140, Bloc Québécois 21, NDP 5, independents 2, Greens 1.
Trade measures between Canada and the United States, February 2026
Offstage in February, a U.S. executive order ends the emergency duties, the 35% duty on Canadian goods among them, while the tariffs on steel, aluminum and lumber stay.
TradeU.S. emergency duties end The United States ends the duties it set under its emergency economic powers law, the 35% duty on Canadian goods among them. From this date: No U.S. emergency duty on Canadian goods; the steel, aluminum and lumber tariffs stay. Source: federalregister.gov
Between sittings nine members resign, by-elections are called in July for three of the empty seats, Liberals fill all three on the last day of August, and six stand empty when the House returns.
Seat vacantSaint-Hyacinthe—Bagot—Acton falls vacant Simon-Pierre Savard-Tremblay, member for Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot—Acton, resigns his seat.Source: ourcommons.caAfter: Liberals 174, Conservatives 140, Bloc Québécois 21, NDP 5, independents 1, Greens 1; 1 vacant.
Seat vacantNorth Vancouver—Capilano falls vacant Jonathan Wilkinson, Liberal member for North Vancouver—Capilano, resigns his seat.Source: ourcommons.caAfter: Liberals 173, Conservatives 140, Bloc Québécois 21, NDP 5, independents 1, Greens 1; 2 vacant.
Seat vacantChicoutimi—Le Fjord falls vacant Richard Martel, Conservative member for Chicoutimi—Le Fjord, resigns his seat.Source: ourcommons.caAfter: Liberals 173, Conservatives 139, Bloc Québécois 21, NDP 5, independents 1, Greens 1; 3 vacant.
Seat vacantBeaches—East York falls vacant Nate Erskine-Smith, Liberal member for Beaches—East York, resigns his seat.Source: ourcommons.caAfter: Liberals 172, Conservatives 139, Bloc Québécois 21, NDP 5, independents 1, Greens 1; 4 vacant.
By-electionBy-elections called in North Vancouver—Capilano, Chicoutimi—Le Fjord and Beaches—East York By-elections are called in North Vancouver—Capilano, Chicoutimi—Le Fjord and Beaches—East York for August 31, 2026.Source: elections.caAfter: Liberals 172, Conservatives 139, Bloc Québécois 21, NDP 5, independents 1, Greens 1; 4 vacant.
Seat vacantScarborough North falls vacant Shaun Chen, Liberal member for Scarborough North, resigns his seat.Source: ourcommons.caThe Liberals: 172 to 171 seats, under the majority line (172 seats).After: Liberals 171, Conservatives 139, Bloc Québécois 21, NDP 5, independents 1, Greens 1; 5 vacant.
Seat vacantRosemont—La Petite-Patrie falls vacant Alexandre Boulerice, independent member for Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie, resigns his seat.Source: ourcommons.caAfter: Liberals 171, Conservatives 139, Bloc Québécois 21, NDP 5, Greens 1; 6 vacant.
Seat vacantLaurier—Sainte-Marie falls vacant Steven Guilbeault, Liberal member for Laurier—Sainte-Marie, resigns his seat.Source: ourcommons.caAfter: Liberals 170, Conservatives 139, Bloc Québécois 21, NDP 5, Greens 1; 7 vacant.
By-electionBy-elections in North Vancouver—Capilano, Chicoutimi—Le Fjord and Beaches—East York Braeden Caley wins North Vancouver—Capilano, Daniel Gobeil Chicoutimi—Le Fjord and Tanveer Shahnawaz Beaches—East York, each for the Liberals.Source: enr.elections.ca · Result: North Vancouver—Capilano · Chicoutimi—Le Fjord · Beaches—East YorkThe Liberals: 170 to 173 seats, at or over the majority line (172 seats).After: Liberals 173, Conservatives 139, Bloc Québécois 21, NDP 5, Greens 1; 4 vacant.
Seat vacantYorkton—Melville falls vacant Cathay Wagantall, Conservative member for Yorkton—Melville, resigns her seat.Source: ourcommons.caAfter: Liberals 173, Conservatives 138, Bloc Québécois 21, NDP 5, Greens 1; 5 vacant.
Seat vacantBrantford—Brant South falls vacant Larry Brock, Conservative member for Brantford—Brant South (Brantford—Brant South—Six Nations until 2026-09-16), resigns his seat.Source: ourcommons.caAfter: Liberals 173, Conservatives 137, Bloc Québécois 21, NDP 5, Greens 1; 6 vacant.
In August the Green Party approves two candidates for leader, Nira Dookeran and Mike Morrice, with the result to be announced in November.
LeaderGreen Party leadership: two candidates Nira Dookeran and Mike Morrice are approved as candidates for leader of the Green Party.Source: greenparty.caAfter: Liberals 172, Conservatives 139, Bloc Québécois 21, NDP 5, independents 1, Greens 1; 4 vacant.
Trade measures between Canada and the United States, August to September 2026
Offstage, the United States sets a 50% duty on listed Canadian goods. In September Canada sets a surtax on listed U.S. goods.
TradeU.S. 50% duty on listed Canadian goods The United States puts a 50% duty on listed Canadian goods, set by three proclamations on alcoholic beverages, dairy and motor vehicles. From this date: A 50% U.S. duty on listed Canadian goods. Source: federalregister.gov
TradeCanada’s new surtax on U.S. goods Canada puts a surtax of 15%, 25% or 50%, by product, on listed U.S. goods. From this date: A Canadian surtax of 15%, 25% or 50% on listed U.S. goods. Source: cbsa-asfc.gc.ca
TradeCanada’s steel and aluminum surtax to 50% Canada raises its surtax on some U.S. steel and aluminum products from 25% to 50%; the rest stay at 25%. From this date: A Canadian surtax of 25% or 50%, by product, on U.S. steel and aluminum. Source: cbsa-asfc.gc.ca
Reading the rows. The standing after an event counts every seat held by a party; a seat with no member is vacant and counts for no one. 343 seats; 172 is a majority; 12 seats is party status in the House. The election row is the result as its entry states it, from its source. An event says what changed, never why; its source is the record it was written from.