How many seats does each province have in the House of Commons?

ISeats by province and party

Since the election of April 28, 2025, the Conservatives are down 7, the Liberals up 4, the NDP down 2 and the Bloc Québécois down 1; the Greens are unchanged, and 6 seats are vacant.

IIEach province's seats

The ten provinces and three territories, west to east: each one's seats, who held them on November 1, 2026, and how the 2025 election left them.

IIIWhat has changed since the 2025 election

Since the election of April 28, 2025, 7 members have changed party or left one to sit as an independent, 7 by-elections have been held, and 6 seats are vacant as of November 1, 2026; by province, with the record of each change:

British Columbia no seat has changed party.

• June 19, 2026: North Vancouver—Capilano, seat vacant, the seat fell vacant (Liberals) (North Vancouver—Capilano falls vacant).
• August 31, 2026: North Vancouver—Capilano, by-election, filled for the Liberals, a hold (By-elections in North Vancouver—Capilano, Chicoutimi—Le Fjord and Beaches—East York).

Alberta the Liberals are up 1 and the Conservatives down 1; the NDP is unchanged.

• June 17, 2025: Battle River—Crowfoot, seat vacant, the seat fell vacant (Conservatives) (Battle River—Crowfoot falls vacant).
• August 18, 2025: Battle River—Crowfoot, by-election, filled for the Conservatives, a hold (Battle River—Crowfoot by-election).
• February 18, 2026: Edmonton Riverbend, crosses the floor, Conservatives to Liberals (Matt Jeneroux sits as a Liberal).

Saskatchewan the Conservatives are down 1; the Liberals are unchanged, and 1 seat is vacant.

• August 31, 2026: Yorkton—Melville, seat vacant, the seat fell vacant (Conservatives) (Yorkton—Melville falls vacant).

Ontario the Conservatives are down 3 and the Liberals up 1; 2 seats are vacant.

• December 11, 2025: Markham—Unionville, crosses the floor, Conservatives to Liberals (Michael Ma sits as a Liberal).
• January 9, 2026: University—Rosedale, seat vacant, the seat fell vacant (Liberals) (University—Rosedale falls vacant).
• February 2, 2026: Scarborough Southwest, seat vacant, the seat fell vacant (Liberals) (Scarborough Southwest falls vacant).
• April 8, 2026: Sarnia—Lambton—Bkejwanong, crosses the floor, Conservatives to Liberals (Marilyn Gladu sits as a Liberal).
• April 13, 2026: University—Rosedale, by-election, filled for the Liberals, a hold (By-elections in University—Rosedale, Scarborough Southwest and Terrebonne).
• April 13, 2026: Scarborough Southwest, by-election, filled for the Liberals, a hold (By-elections in University—Rosedale, Scarborough Southwest and Terrebonne).
• July 7, 2026: Beaches—East York, seat vacant, the seat fell vacant (Liberals) (Beaches—East York falls vacant).
• August 15, 2026: Scarborough North, seat vacant, the seat fell vacant (Liberals) (Scarborough North falls vacant).
• August 31, 2026: Beaches—East York, by-election, filled for the Liberals, a hold (By-elections in North Vancouver—Capilano, Chicoutimi—Le Fjord and Beaches—East York).
• September 18, 2026: Brantford—Brant South, seat vacant, the seat fell vacant (Conservatives) (Brantford—Brant South falls vacant).

Quebec the Conservatives are down 1, the Bloc Québécois down 1 and the NDP down 1; the Liberals are unchanged, and 3 seats are vacant.

• February 13, 2026: Terrebonne, the court, the seat fell vacant (Liberals) (Terrebonne: the 2025 election annulled).
• April 13, 2026: Terrebonne, by-election, filled for the Liberals, a hold (By-elections in University—Rosedale, Scarborough Southwest and Terrebonne).
• April 27, 2026: Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie, sits as an independent, New Democrats to independents (Alexandre Boulerice sits as an independent).
• May 28, 2026: Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot—Acton, sits as an independent, Bloc Québécois to independents (Simon-Pierre Savard-Tremblay sits as an independent).
• June 19, 2026: Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot—Acton, seat vacant, the seat fell vacant (independents) (Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot—Acton falls vacant).
• July 7, 2026: Chicoutimi—Le Fjord, seat vacant, the seat fell vacant (Conservatives) (Chicoutimi—Le Fjord falls vacant).
• August 25, 2026: Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie, seat vacant, the seat fell vacant (independents) (Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie falls vacant).
• August 28, 2026: Laurier—Sainte-Marie, seat vacant, the seat fell vacant (Liberals) (Laurier—Sainte-Marie falls vacant).
• August 31, 2026: Chicoutimi—Le Fjord, by-election, filled for the Liberals, a gain from the Conservatives (By-elections in North Vancouver—Capilano, Chicoutimi—Le Fjord and Beaches—East York).

Nova Scotia the Liberals are up 1 and the Conservatives down 1.

• November 4, 2025: Acadie—Annapolis, crosses the floor, Conservatives to Liberals (Chris d'Entremont sits as a Liberal).

Nunavut the Liberals are up 1 and the NDP down 1.

• March 11, 2026: Nunavut, crosses the floor, New Democrats to Liberals (Lori Idlout sits as a Liberal).

Every change since the election, the ledger · When are the next federal by-elections?

IVWhy each province has that many seats

The 2023 representation order gives the House 343 seats, 5 more than the 338 of the 2013 order: 318 by population, one a 121,891 people on July 1, 2021, rounded up, 7 more by the senatorial clause, 15 by the grandfather clause and one each for the three territories.

Prince Edward Island has the fewest people a seat, 41,100 on July 1, 2021, and Ontario the most, 121,500; the ten provinces together 112,100. A province's seats are its population divided by the quotient and rounded up; the senatorial clause then gives it at least as many seats as it has senators, and the grandfather clause at least as many as it had in the 43rd Parliament (section 51 of the Constitution Act, 1867, as amended in 2022). A seat is one riding, and the ridings are drawn within each province by its boundaries commission.

VSeats by province since 1867

The House had 191 seats under the first representation order, of 1867, and has 343 under the 2023 order, the nineteenth; Ontario had 82 seats then and has 122 now, Quebec 65 and 78, British Columbia 6 and 43.

A representation order follows each decennial census; the year names the order, and a province joining Confederation during an order's life is listed under that order with the seats it was given. The seats are the members the order gave each province, so a two-member riding counts twice.