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A painting of the House of Commons chamber in the West Block, empty, with morning light falling through its glass roof onto the Speaker’s chair and the green carpet.

The House is sitting · it rises Dec 11

The House of Commons · as of

The Liberals hold 173 of 343 seats, a majority of one.

Every one of Canada’s 343 federal ridings: who won it in the 2025 election and by how much, who holds the seat today, and how the House of Commons stands.

343 ridings 5 parties seated 6 seats vacant 172 make a majority the 45th Parliament

As of November 10, 2026, the Liberals hold 173 of 343 seats, the Conservatives 137, the Bloc Québécois 21, the NDP 5, and the Greens 1; 6 seats are vacant, and 172 make a majority.

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Members: the House of Commons list, Nov 1, 2026, and every change recorded since. Illustration: the House of Commons chamber in the West Block, empty, painted after a photograph by Hutima (CC BY-SA 4.0). No one is pictured.

Setting the table…

Turn 4 · The fall sitting, 2026

The state of play

Who governs, who opposes, which seats are empty, and when Canada votes next. As it stands ; every figure dated and sourced. Every change since the election · Rules of play, 45th Parliament

1Forming a government

The Governor General asks the leader of the party with the most seats to form a government. With 172 of the 343 seats, more than half, it is a majority government; with fewer, a minority government. Procedure and Practice, 4th ed., ch. 1

Seats by party, the House of Commons, November 1, 2026

Seats by party, the House of Commons, November 1, 2026As of November 1, 2026, the Liberals hold 173 of 343 seats, the Conservatives 137, the Bloc Québécois 21, the NDP 5, and the Greens 1; 6 seats are vacant, and 172 make a majority.172, a majority050100150200250300343Liberal1731731731 over 172Conservative137137137Bloc212121NDP555Green111Vacant666One space, 10 seats; shaded from 172, ruled every 50.
Seats by party, the House of Commons, November 1, 2026As of November 1, 2026, the Liberals hold 173 of 343 seats, the Conservatives 137, the Bloc Québécois 21, the NDP 5, and the Greens 1; 6 seats are vacant, and 172 make a majority.172, a majority050100200250300343Liberal1731731731 over 172Conservative137137137Bloc212121NDP555Green111Vacant666One space, 10 seats; shaded from 172, ruled every 50.
Of 343 seats; a majority is 172.
The figures
PartyWon 2025NowChangeStanding
Liberal169173+4majority government
Conservative144137−7Official Opposition
Bloc2221−1party status
NDP75−2no party status
Green11±0no party status
Vacant06+6

Seats: House of Commons, members list, ; 2025: Elections Canada, the official results · How the House stands

Q.How many seats does each party have in the House of Commons?

A.As of November 1, 2026, the Liberals hold 173 of 343 seats, the Conservatives 137, the Bloc Québécois 21, the NDP 5, and the Greens 1; 6 seats are vacant, and 172 make a majority. House of Commons, members list · How the House stands

The majority since the election

172, a majority170175MayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNov2026169 won123LLL1731 over 172One rule, one seat; shaded from 172.
172, a majority170175JulOctAprJulOct2026169 won123LLL173, 1 over 172One rule, one seat; shaded from 172.
Crossings of the 172 line

The Liberals won 169 of 343 seats on April 28, 2025 and hold 173 as of November 1, 2026. Their seats have crossed the 172 line three times:

  1. 1, up from 171 to 174: By-elections in University—Rosedale, Scarborough Southwest and Terrebonne
  2. 2, down from 172 to 171: Scarborough North falls vacant
  3. 3, up from 170 to 173: By-elections in North Vancouver—Capilano, Chicoutimi—Le Fjord and Beaches—East York

Q.Do the Liberals have a majority in the House of Commons?

A.Yes. As of November 1, 2026, the Liberals hold 173 of the House of Commons' 343 seats, 1 more than the 172 that make a majority, and have held 172 or more since August 31, 2026, as they did from April 13, 2026 to August 14, 2026. House of Commons, members list · The 172 line

Q.Which MPs crossed the floor of the House of Commons in 2026?

A.Five members changed party in the House of Commons in 2026: Matt Jeneroux (Edmonton Riverbend), Conservatives to the Liberals, February 18, 2026; Lori Idlout (Nunavut), New Democrats to the Liberals, March 11, 2026; Marilyn Gladu (Sarnia—Lambton—Bkejwanong), Conservatives to the Liberals, April 8, 2026; Alexandre Boulerice (Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie), New Democrats to independent, April 27, 2026; and Simon-Pierre Savard-Tremblay (Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot—Acton), Bloc Québécois to independent, May 28, 2026. House of Commons, members' roles · Who crossed the floor in 2026, the record

2The Opposition and party status

The party with the second-most seats is the Official Opposition, and a party needs 12 seats to be recognized in the House. Our Procedure: The Canadian Parliamentary System With them come seats on committees in proportion to its size, and allowances for its leader, House leader and whip. Procedure and Practice, 4th ed., ch. 20 · Parliament of Canada Act, s. 62

The parties outside government, against the 12 seats of party status, November 1, 2026

The parties outside government, against the 12 seats of party status, November 1, 2026As of November 1, 2026, the Conservatives, with 137 seats, are the Official Opposition: the second-largest party in the House of Commons, after the Liberals' 173. As of November 1, 2026, three parties hold the 12 seats a party needs for official party status, as a recognized party in the House of Commons: the Liberals (173), the Conservatives (137) and the Bloc Québécois (21); the NDP, with 5, and the Greens, with 1, do not.12, party status050100137Conservative137137137Bloc212121NDP5557 short of party statusGreen11111 short of party statusOne space, 10 seats; shaded from 12, ruled every 50.
The parties outside government, against the 12 seats of party status, November 1, 2026As of November 1, 2026, the Conservatives, with 137 seats, are the Official Opposition: the second-largest party in the House of Commons, after the Liberals' 173. As of November 1, 2026, three parties hold the 12 seats a party needs for official party status, as a recognized party in the House of Commons: the Liberals (173), the Conservatives (137) and the Bloc Québécois (21); the NDP, with 5, and the Greens, with 1, do not.12, party status050100137Conservative137137137Bloc212121NDP5557 short of party statusGreen11111 short of party statusOne space, 10 seats; shaded from 12, ruled every 50.
A recognized party has at least 12 members; the largest party outside government is the Official Opposition.
The figures
PartyWon 2025NowStanding
Conservative144137Official Opposition
Bloc2221party status, 9 over
NDP757 short of party status
Green1111 short of party status

Q.Who is the Official Opposition in the House of Commons?

A.As of November 1, 2026, the Conservatives, with 137 seats, are the Official Opposition: the second-largest party in the House of Commons, after the Liberals' 173. Our Procedure: The Canadian Parliamentary System · How the House stands

Q.Which parties have official party status in the House of Commons?

A.As of November 1, 2026, three parties hold the 12 seats a party needs for official party status, as a recognized party in the House of Commons: the Liberals (173), the Conservatives (137) and the Bloc Québécois (21); the NDP, with 5, and the Greens, with 1, do not. Our Procedure: The Canadian Parliamentary System · How the House stands

3By-elections

13 seats have fallen empty since the election of April 28, 2025, 12 by the member’s resignation and 1 by a court annulling the election. As of November 10, 2026, 7 have been filled at a by-election and 6 are empty.

Held since the election newest first; open a row for its ballot

Beaches—East YorkTanveer Shahnawaz (Liberal), hold55.8% of the vote, −11.9 pts from 2025
Left
Nate Erskine-Smith (Liberal), resigned,
Won
Tanveer Shahnawaz (Liberal), hold

Share of the valid votes by party, Beaches—East York, April 28, 2025 against the by-election of August 31, 2026

Share of the valid votes by party, Beaches—East York, April 28, 2025 against the by-election of August 31, 2026the Liberals took 55.8% of the vote, down 11.9 points from their 67.7% at the general election of April 28, 2025; the New Democrats 25.6%, up 18.7 points from 6.9%; the Conservatives 15.5%, down 8.0 points from 23.5%; the Greens 1.8%, up 0.5 points from 1.3%; the People's Party 0.8%, with no candidate in 2025. The other candidates, 1 at the by-election and 3 in 2025, took under 1% each. Turnout was 40.7%, against 71.9% in 2025.2025turnout 71.9% of 82,102 electorsBy-electionturnout 40.7% of 81,642 electors± pts, the changeTanveer ShahnawazLiberal67.7% · 39,80455.8% · 18,504−11.9 pts10,008 votes ahead · 30.2 ptsShannon DevineNew Democratic6.9% · 4,02725.6% · 8,496+18.7 ptsJim SyrbosConservative23.5% · 13,83015.5% · 5,142−8.0 ptsBruce LiveseyGreen1.3% · 7481.8% · 581+0.5 ptsOthers0.6% · 3461.2% · 414+0.6 pts050%100%
Share of the valid votes by party, Beaches—East York, April 28, 2025 against the by-election of August 31, 2026the Liberals took 55.8% of the vote, down 11.9 points from their 67.7% at the general election of April 28, 2025; the New Democrats 25.6%, up 18.7 points from 6.9%; the Conservatives 15.5%, down 8.0 points from 23.5%; the Greens 1.8%, up 0.5 points from 1.3%; the People's Party 0.8%, with no candidate in 2025. The other candidates, 1 at the by-election and 3 in 2025, took under 1% each. Turnout was 40.7%, against 71.9% in 2025.2025turnout 71.9% of 82,102 electorsBy-electionturnout 40.7%± pts, the changeTanveer ShahnawazLiberal67.7% · 39,80455.8% · 18,504−11.9 pts10,008 votes ahead · 30.2 ptsShannon DevineNew Democratic6.9% · 4,02725.6% · 8,496+18.7 ptsJim SyrbosConservative23.5% · 13,83015.5% · 5,142−8.0 ptsBruce LiveseyGreen1.3% · 7481.8% · 581+0.5 ptsOthers0.6% · 3461.2% · 414+0.6 pts050%100%
Of 58,755 valid votes in 2025 and 33,137 at the by-election; a candidate under 1% is counted with the others. Source: Elections Canada, the official results of 2025 and the results validated by the returning officer of .
In words

In Beaches—East York on August 31, 2026, Nate Erskine-Smith, a Liberal, resigned the seat on July 7, 2026, and Tanveer Shahnawaz won it for the Liberals, a hold. The Liberals took 55.8% of the vote, down 11.9 points from their 67.7% at the general election of April 28, 2025; the New Democrats 25.6%, up 18.7 points from 6.9%; the Conservatives 15.5%, down 8.0 points from 23.5%; the Greens 1.8%, up 0.5 points from 1.3%; the People's Party 0.8%, with no candidate in 2025. The other candidates, 1 at the by-election and 3 in 2025, took under 1% each. Turnout was 40.7%, against 71.9% in 2025.

The figures
Candidate2025By-electionChange
Tanveer Shahnawaz, Liberal67.7%55.8%−11.9
Shannon Devine, New Democratic6.9%25.6%+18.7
Jim Syrbos, Conservative23.5%15.5%−8.0
Bruce Livesey, Green1.3%1.8%+0.5
Others0.6%1.2%+0.6
Chicoutimi—Le FjordDaniel Gobeil (Liberal), gain from the Conservatives51.6% of the vote, +20.5 pts from 2025
Left
Richard Martel (Conservative), resigned,
Won
Daniel Gobeil (Liberal), gain from the Conservatives

Share of the valid votes by party, Chicoutimi—Le Fjord, April 28, 2025 against the by-election of August 31, 2026

Share of the valid votes by party, Chicoutimi—Le Fjord, April 28, 2025 against the by-election of August 31, 2026the Liberals took 51.6% of the vote, up 20.5 points from their 31.1% at the general election of April 28, 2025; the Bloc Québécois 32.8%, up 1.6 points from 31.2%; the Conservatives 12.6%, down 21.5 points from 34.1%; the New Democrats 1.8%, down 0.1 points from 1.9%; the Greens 0.7%, down 0.2 points from 0.9%; the People's Party 0.5%, down 0.2 points from 0.7%. Turnout was 42.8%, against 68.5% in 2025.2025turnout 68.5% of 75,229 electorsBy-electionturnout 42.8% of 74,952 electors± pts, the changeDaniel GobeilLiberal31.1% · 15,82051.6% · 16,333+20.5 pts5,936 votes ahead · 18.7 ptsCaroline DubéBloc Québécois31.2% · 15,85732.8% · 10,397+1.6 ptsRégis GaudreaultConservative34.1% · 17,35612.6% · 3,985−21.5 ptsRaphaël ÉmondNew Democratic1.9% · 9911.8% · 577−0.1 ptsOthers (2)1.6% · 8151.2% · 389−0.4 pts050%100%
Share of the valid votes by party, Chicoutimi—Le Fjord, April 28, 2025 against the by-election of August 31, 2026the Liberals took 51.6% of the vote, up 20.5 points from their 31.1% at the general election of April 28, 2025; the Bloc Québécois 32.8%, up 1.6 points from 31.2%; the Conservatives 12.6%, down 21.5 points from 34.1%; the New Democrats 1.8%, down 0.1 points from 1.9%; the Greens 0.7%, down 0.2 points from 0.9%; the People's Party 0.5%, down 0.2 points from 0.7%. Turnout was 42.8%, against 68.5% in 2025.2025turnout 68.5% of 75,229 electorsBy-electionturnout 42.8%± pts, the changeDaniel GobeilLiberal31.1% · 15,82051.6% · 16,333+20.5 pts5,936 votes ahead · 18.7 ptsCaroline DubéBloc Québécois31.2% · 15,85732.8% · 10,397+1.6 ptsRégis GaudreaultConservative34.1% · 17,35612.6% · 3,985−21.5 ptsRaphaël ÉmondNew Democratic1.9% · 9911.8% · 577−0.1 ptsOthers (2)1.6% · 8151.2% · 389−0.4 pts050%100%
Of 50,839 valid votes in 2025 and 31,681 at the by-election; a candidate under 1% is counted with the others. Source: Elections Canada, the official results of 2025 and the results validated by the returning officer of .
In words

In Chicoutimi—Le Fjord on August 31, 2026, Richard Martel, a Conservative, resigned the seat on July 7, 2026, and Daniel Gobeil won it for the Liberals, a gain from the Conservatives. The Liberals took 51.6% of the vote, up 20.5 points from their 31.1% at the general election of April 28, 2025; the Bloc Québécois 32.8%, up 1.6 points from 31.2%; the Conservatives 12.6%, down 21.5 points from 34.1%; the New Democrats 1.8%, down 0.1 points from 1.9%; the Greens 0.7%, down 0.2 points from 0.9%; the People's Party 0.5%, down 0.2 points from 0.7%. Turnout was 42.8%, against 68.5% in 2025.

The figures
Candidate2025By-electionChange
Daniel Gobeil, Liberal31.1%51.6%+20.5
Caroline Dubé, Bloc Québécois31.2%32.8%+1.6
Régis Gaudreault, Conservative34.1%12.6%−21.5
Raphaël Émond, New Democratic1.9%1.8%−0.1
Others (2)1.6%1.2%−0.4
North Vancouver—CapilanoBraeden Caley (Liberal), hold58.7% of the vote, −1.1 pts from 2025
Left
Jonathan Wilkinson (Liberal), resigned,
Won
Braeden Caley (Liberal), hold

Share of the valid votes by party, North Vancouver—Capilano, April 28, 2025 against the by-election of August 31, 2026

Share of the valid votes by party, North Vancouver—Capilano, April 28, 2025 against the by-election of August 31, 2026the Liberals took 58.7% of the vote, down 1.1 points from their 59.8% at the general election of April 28, 2025; the Conservatives 29.2%, down 4.5 points from 33.7%; the Greens 8.6%, up 6.9 points from 1.7%; the New Democrats 3.1%, down 1.1 points from 4.2%; the People's Party 0.3%, down 0.1 points from 0.4%. The other candidates, 1 at the by-election and 1 in 2025, took under 1% each. Turnout was 45.5%, against 71.7% in 2025.2025turnout 71.7% of 88,977 electorsBy-electionturnout 45.5% of 89,154 electors± pts, the changeBraeden CaleyLiberal59.8% · 37,90758.7% · 23,739−1.1 pts11,948 votes ahead · 29.6 ptsStephen CurranConservative33.7% · 21,33929.2% · 11,791−4.5 ptsShelley LuceGreen1.7% · 1,0768.6% · 3,461+6.9 ptsStephen TweedaleNew Democratic4.2% · 2,6843.1% · 1,242−1.1 ptsOthers (2)0.6% · 3580.5% · 188−0.1 pts050%100%
Share of the valid votes by party, North Vancouver—Capilano, April 28, 2025 against the by-election of August 31, 2026the Liberals took 58.7% of the vote, down 1.1 points from their 59.8% at the general election of April 28, 2025; the Conservatives 29.2%, down 4.5 points from 33.7%; the Greens 8.6%, up 6.9 points from 1.7%; the New Democrats 3.1%, down 1.1 points from 4.2%; the People's Party 0.3%, down 0.1 points from 0.4%. The other candidates, 1 at the by-election and 1 in 2025, took under 1% each. Turnout was 45.5%, against 71.7% in 2025.2025turnout 71.7% of 88,977 electorsBy-electionturnout 45.5%± pts, the changeBraeden CaleyLiberal59.8% · 37,90758.7% · 23,739−1.1 pts11,948 votes ahead · 29.6 ptsStephen CurranConservative33.7% · 21,33929.2% · 11,791−4.5 ptsShelley LuceGreen1.7% · 1,0768.6% · 3,461+6.9 ptsStephen TweedaleNew Democratic4.2% · 2,6843.1% · 1,242−1.1 ptsOthers (2)0.6% · 3580.5% · 188−0.1 pts050%100%
Of 63,364 valid votes in 2025 and 40,421 at the by-election; a candidate under 1% is counted with the others. Source: Elections Canada, the official results of 2025 and the results validated by the returning officer of .
In words

In North Vancouver—Capilano on August 31, 2026, Jonathan Wilkinson, a Liberal, resigned the seat on June 19, 2026, and Braeden Caley won it for the Liberals, a hold. The Liberals took 58.7% of the vote, down 1.1 points from their 59.8% at the general election of April 28, 2025; the Conservatives 29.2%, down 4.5 points from 33.7%; the Greens 8.6%, up 6.9 points from 1.7%; the New Democrats 3.1%, down 1.1 points from 4.2%; the People's Party 0.3%, down 0.1 points from 0.4%. The other candidates, 1 at the by-election and 1 in 2025, took under 1% each. Turnout was 45.5%, against 71.7% in 2025.

The figures
Candidate2025By-electionChange
Braeden Caley, Liberal59.8%58.7%−1.1
Stephen Curran, Conservative33.7%29.2%−4.5
Shelley Luce, Green1.7%8.6%+6.9
Stephen Tweedale, New Democratic4.2%3.1%−1.1
Others (2)0.6%0.5%−0.1
Scarborough SouthwestDoly Begum (Liberal), hold69.6% of the vote, +8.1 pts from 2025
Left
Bill Blair (Liberal), resigned,
Won
Doly Begum (Liberal), hold

Share of the valid votes by party, Scarborough Southwest, April 28, 2025 against the by-election of April 13, 2026

Share of the valid votes by party, Scarborough Southwest, April 28, 2025 against the by-election of April 13, 2026the Liberals took 69.6% of the vote, up 8.1 points from their 61.5% at the general election of April 28, 2025; the Conservatives 18.8%, down 11.8 points from 30.6%; the New Democrats 5.9%, up 0.9 points from 5.0%; the Greens 2.5%, up 1.1 points from 1.4%; April Francisco, an independent, 1.5%, not a candidate in 2025; the People's Party 0.9%, down 0.1 points from 1.0%. The other candidates, 2 at the by-election and 2 in 2025, took under 1% each. Turnout was 33.7%, against 63.3% in 2025.2025turnout 63.3% of 86,452 electorsBy-electionturnout 33.7% of 86,158 electors± pts, the changeDoly BegumLiberal61.5% · 33,49569.6% · 20,121+8.1 pts14,688 votes ahead · 50.8 ptsDiana FilipovaConservative30.6% · 16,65218.8% · 5,433−11.8 ptsFatima ShabanNew Democratic5.0% · 2,7305.9% · 1,714+0.9 ptsPooja MalhotraGreen1.4% · 7542.5% · 711+1.1 ptsApril FranciscoIndependentno candidate1.5% · 422People's Party1.0% · 567no candidateOthers (2)0.5% · 2780.8% · 243+0.3 pts050%100%
Share of the valid votes by party, Scarborough Southwest, April 28, 2025 against the by-election of April 13, 2026the Liberals took 69.6% of the vote, up 8.1 points from their 61.5% at the general election of April 28, 2025; the Conservatives 18.8%, down 11.8 points from 30.6%; the New Democrats 5.9%, up 0.9 points from 5.0%; the Greens 2.5%, up 1.1 points from 1.4%; April Francisco, an independent, 1.5%, not a candidate in 2025; the People's Party 0.9%, down 0.1 points from 1.0%. The other candidates, 2 at the by-election and 2 in 2025, took under 1% each. Turnout was 33.7%, against 63.3% in 2025.2025turnout 63.3% of 86,452 electorsBy-electionturnout 33.7%± pts, the changeDoly BegumLiberal61.5% · 33,49569.6% · 20,121+8.1 pts14,688 votes ahead · 50.8 ptsDiana FilipovaConservative30.6% · 16,65218.8% · 5,433−11.8 ptsFatima ShabanNew Democratic5.0% · 2,7305.9% · 1,714+0.9 ptsPooja MalhotraGreen1.4% · 7542.5% · 711+1.1 ptsApril FranciscoIndependentno candidate1.5% · 422People's Party1.0% · 567no candidateOthers (2)0.5% · 2780.8% · 243+0.3 pts050%100%
Of 54,476 valid votes in 2025 and 28,909 at the by-election; a candidate under 1% is counted with the others. Source: Elections Canada, the official results of 2025 and the official voting results of .
In words

In Scarborough Southwest on April 13, 2026, Bill Blair, a Liberal, resigned the seat on February 2, 2026, and Doly Begum won it for the Liberals, a hold. The Liberals took 69.6% of the vote, up 8.1 points from their 61.5% at the general election of April 28, 2025; the Conservatives 18.8%, down 11.8 points from 30.6%; the New Democrats 5.9%, up 0.9 points from 5.0%; the Greens 2.5%, up 1.1 points from 1.4%; April Francisco, an independent, 1.5%, not a candidate in 2025; the People's Party 0.9%, down 0.1 points from 1.0%. The other candidates, 2 at the by-election and 2 in 2025, took under 1% each. Turnout was 33.7%, against 63.3% in 2025.

The figures
Candidate2025By-electionChange
Doly Begum, Liberal61.5%69.6%+8.1
Diana Filipova, Conservative30.6%18.8%−11.8
Fatima Shaban, New Democratic5.0%5.9%+0.9
Pooja Malhotra, Green1.4%2.5%+1.1
April Francisco, Independent—1.5%—
People's Party1.0%——
Others (2)0.5%0.8%+0.3
TerrebonneTatiana Auguste (Liberal), hold48.3% of the vote, +9.6 pts from 2025
Left
Tatiana Auguste (Liberal), election annulled,
Won
Tatiana Auguste (Liberal), hold

Share of the valid votes by party, Terrebonne, April 28, 2025 against the by-election of April 13, 2026

Share of the valid votes by party, Terrebonne, April 28, 2025 against the by-election of April 13, 2026the Liberals took 48.3% of the vote, up 9.6 points from their 38.7% at the general election of April 28, 2025, since annulled; the Bloc Québécois 46.9%, up 8.2 points from 38.7%; the Conservatives 3.3%, down 14.9 points from 18.2%; the New Democrats 0.5%, down 2.1 points from 2.6%; the Greens 0.4%, down 0.6 points from 1.0%; the People's Party 0.2%, down 0.5 points from 0.7%. The other candidates, 42 at the by-election, took under 1% each. Turnout was 51.1%, against 67.9% in 2025.2025turnout 67.9% of 89,966 electorsBy-electionturnout 51.1% of 91,534 electors± pts, the changeTatiana AugusteLiberal38.7% · 23,35248.3% · 22,445+9.6 pts668 votes ahead · 1.4 ptsNathalie Sinclair-DesgagnéBloc Québécois38.7% · 23,35146.9% · 21,777+8.2 ptsAdrienne CharlesConservative18.2% · 10,9613.3% · 1,548−14.9 ptsNew Democratic2.6% · 1,556no candidateGreen1.0% · 630no candidateOthers0.7% · 4280.5% · 231−0.2 pts050%100%
Share of the valid votes by party, Terrebonne, April 28, 2025 against the by-election of April 13, 2026the Liberals took 48.3% of the vote, up 9.6 points from their 38.7% at the general election of April 28, 2025, since annulled; the Bloc Québécois 46.9%, up 8.2 points from 38.7%; the Conservatives 3.3%, down 14.9 points from 18.2%; the New Democrats 0.5%, down 2.1 points from 2.6%; the Greens 0.4%, down 0.6 points from 1.0%; the People's Party 0.2%, down 0.5 points from 0.7%. The other candidates, 42 at the by-election, took under 1% each. Turnout was 51.1%, against 67.9% in 2025.2025turnout 67.9% of 89,966 electorsBy-electionturnout 51.1%± pts, the changeTatiana AugusteLiberal38.7% · 23,35248.3% · 22,445+9.6 pts668 votes ahead · 1.4 ptsNathalie Sinclair-DesgagnéBloc Québécois38.7% · 23,35146.9% · 21,777+8.2 ptsAdrienne CharlesConservative18.2% · 10,9613.3% · 1,548−14.9 ptsNew Democratic2.6% · 1,556no candidateGreen1.0% · 630no candidateOthers0.7% · 4280.5% · 231−0.2 pts050%100%
Of 60,278 valid votes in 2025 and 46,443 at the by-election; a candidate under 1% is counted with the others. Source: Elections Canada, the official results of 2025 (as certified, since annulled) and the official voting results of .
In words

In Terrebonne on April 13, 2026, the Supreme Court of Canada annulled the 2025 election, won by Tatiana Auguste for the Liberals, on February 13, 2026, and Tatiana Auguste won it for the Liberals, a hold. The Liberals took 48.3% of the vote, up 9.6 points from their 38.7% at the general election of April 28, 2025, since annulled; the Bloc Québécois 46.9%, up 8.2 points from 38.7%; the Conservatives 3.3%, down 14.9 points from 18.2%; the New Democrats 0.5%, down 2.1 points from 2.6%; the Greens 0.4%, down 0.6 points from 1.0%; the People's Party 0.2%, down 0.5 points from 0.7%. The other candidates, 42 at the by-election, took under 1% each. Turnout was 51.1%, against 67.9% in 2025.

The figures
Candidate2025By-electionChange
Tatiana Auguste, Liberal38.7%48.3%+9.6
Nathalie Sinclair-Desgagné, Bloc Québécois38.7%46.9%+8.2
Adrienne Charles, Conservative18.2%3.3%−14.9
New Democratic2.6%——
Green1.0%——
Others0.7%0.5%−0.2
University—RosedaleDanielle Martin (Liberal), hold64.3% of the vote, +0.3 pts from 2025
Left
Chrystia Freeland (Liberal), resigned,
Won
Danielle Martin (Liberal), hold

Share of the valid votes by party, University—Rosedale, April 28, 2025 against the by-election of April 13, 2026

Share of the valid votes by party, University—Rosedale, April 28, 2025 against the by-election of April 13, 2026the Liberals took 64.3% of the vote, up 0.3 points from their 64.0% at the general election of April 28, 2025; the New Democrats 18.9%, up 9.0 points from 9.9%; the Conservatives 12.4%, down 11.1 points from 23.5%; the Greens 2.9%, up 1.2 points from 1.7%; the People's Party 0.7%, with no candidate in 2025. The other candidates, 5 at the by-election and 3 in 2025, took under 1% each. Turnout was 32.8%, against 65.4% in 2025.2025turnout 65.4% of 95,884 electorsBy-electionturnout 32.8% of 94,723 electors± pts, the changeDanielle MartinLiberal64.0% · 39,84764.3% · 19,961+0.3 pts14,091 votes ahead · 45.4 ptsSerena PurdyNew Democratic9.9% · 6,16818.9% · 5,870+9.0 ptsDon HodgsonConservative23.5% · 14,62412.4% · 3,852−11.1 ptsAndrew MasseyGreen1.7% · 1,0662.9% · 915+1.2 ptsOthers0.9% · 5601.4% · 430+0.5 pts050%100%
Share of the valid votes by party, University—Rosedale, April 28, 2025 against the by-election of April 13, 2026the Liberals took 64.3% of the vote, up 0.3 points from their 64.0% at the general election of April 28, 2025; the New Democrats 18.9%, up 9.0 points from 9.9%; the Conservatives 12.4%, down 11.1 points from 23.5%; the Greens 2.9%, up 1.2 points from 1.7%; the People's Party 0.7%, with no candidate in 2025. The other candidates, 5 at the by-election and 3 in 2025, took under 1% each. Turnout was 32.8%, against 65.4% in 2025.2025turnout 65.4% of 95,884 electorsBy-electionturnout 32.8%± pts, the changeDanielle MartinLiberal64.0% · 39,84764.3% · 19,961+0.3 pts14,091 votes ahead · 45.4 ptsSerena PurdyNew Democratic9.9% · 6,16818.9% · 5,870+9.0 ptsDon HodgsonConservative23.5% · 14,62412.4% · 3,852−11.1 ptsAndrew MasseyGreen1.7% · 1,0662.9% · 915+1.2 ptsOthers0.9% · 5601.4% · 430+0.5 pts050%100%
Of 62,265 valid votes in 2025 and 31,028 at the by-election; a candidate under 1% is counted with the others. Source: Elections Canada, the official results of 2025 and the official voting results of .
In words

In University—Rosedale on April 13, 2026, Chrystia Freeland, a Liberal, resigned the seat on January 9, 2026, and Danielle Martin won it for the Liberals, a hold. The Liberals took 64.3% of the vote, up 0.3 points from their 64.0% at the general election of April 28, 2025; the New Democrats 18.9%, up 9.0 points from 9.9%; the Conservatives 12.4%, down 11.1 points from 23.5%; the Greens 2.9%, up 1.2 points from 1.7%; the People's Party 0.7%, with no candidate in 2025. The other candidates, 5 at the by-election and 3 in 2025, took under 1% each. Turnout was 32.8%, against 65.4% in 2025.

The figures
Candidate2025By-electionChange
Danielle Martin, Liberal64.0%64.3%+0.3
Serena Purdy, New Democratic9.9%18.9%+9.0
Don Hodgson, Conservative23.5%12.4%−11.1
Andrew Massey, Green1.7%2.9%+1.2
Others0.9%1.4%+0.5
Battle River—CrowfootPierre Poilievre (Conservative), hold80.9% of the vote, −1.9 pts from 2025
Left
Damien Kurek (Conservative), resigned,
Won
Pierre Poilievre (Conservative), hold

Share of the valid votes by party, Battle River—Crowfoot, April 28, 2025 against the by-election of August 18, 2025

Share of the valid votes by party, Battle River—Crowfoot, April 28, 2025 against the by-election of August 18, 2025the Conservatives took 80.9% of the vote, down 1.9 points from their 82.8% at the general election of April 28, 2025; Bonnie Critchley, an independent, 9.8%, not a candidate in 2025; the Liberals 4.1%, down 7.6 points from 11.7%; the New Democrats 2.1%, down 1.1 points from 3.2%; Grant Abraham, of the United Party of Canada (UP), 1.5%, not a candidate in 2025; the People's Party 0.3%, down 1.3 points from 1.6%; the Greens 0.2%, down 0.5 points from 0.7%. The other candidates, 207 at the by-election, took under 1% each. Turnout was 58.8%, against 74.4% in 2025.2025turnout 74.4% of 87,578 electorsBy-electionturnout 58.8% of 87,250 electors± pts, the changePierre PoilievreConservative82.8% · 53,68480.9% · 41,308−1.9 pts36,290 votes ahead · 71.0 ptsBonnie CritchleyIndependentno candidate9.8% · 5,018Darcy SpadyLiberal11.7% · 7,5664.1% · 2,095−7.6 ptsKatherine SwampyNew Democratic3.2% · 2,0612.1% · 1,061−1.1 ptsGrant AbrahamUnited Party of Canada (UP)no candidate1.5% · 757People's Party1.6% · 1,022no candidateOthers0.7% · 4741.4% · 708+0.7 pts050%100%
Share of the valid votes by party, Battle River—Crowfoot, April 28, 2025 against the by-election of August 18, 2025the Conservatives took 80.9% of the vote, down 1.9 points from their 82.8% at the general election of April 28, 2025; Bonnie Critchley, an independent, 9.8%, not a candidate in 2025; the Liberals 4.1%, down 7.6 points from 11.7%; the New Democrats 2.1%, down 1.1 points from 3.2%; Grant Abraham, of the United Party of Canada (UP), 1.5%, not a candidate in 2025; the People's Party 0.3%, down 1.3 points from 1.6%; the Greens 0.2%, down 0.5 points from 0.7%. The other candidates, 207 at the by-election, took under 1% each. Turnout was 58.8%, against 74.4% in 2025.2025turnout 74.4% of 87,578 electorsBy-electionturnout 58.8%± pts, the changePierre PoilievreConservative82.8% · 53,68480.9% · 41,308−1.9 pts36,290 votes ahead · 71.0 ptsBonnie CritchleyIndependentno candidate9.8% · 5,018Darcy SpadyLiberal11.7% · 7,5664.1% · 2,095−7.6 ptsKatherine SwampyNew Democratic3.2% · 2,0612.1% · 1,061−1.1 ptsGrant AbrahamUnited Party of Canada (UP)no candidate1.5% · 757People's Party1.6% · 1,022no candidateOthers0.7% · 4741.4% · 708+0.7 pts050%100%
Of 64,807 valid votes in 2025 and 51,085 at the by-election; a candidate under 1% is counted with the others. Source: Elections Canada, the official results of 2025 and the official voting results of .
In words

In Battle River—Crowfoot on August 18, 2025, Damien Kurek, a Conservative, resigned the seat on June 17, 2025, and Pierre Poilievre won it for the Conservatives, a hold. The Conservatives took 80.9% of the vote, down 1.9 points from their 82.8% at the general election of April 28, 2025; Bonnie Critchley, an independent, 9.8%, not a candidate in 2025; the Liberals 4.1%, down 7.6 points from 11.7%; the New Democrats 2.1%, down 1.1 points from 3.2%; Grant Abraham, of the United Party of Canada (UP), 1.5%, not a candidate in 2025; the People's Party 0.3%, down 1.3 points from 1.6%; the Greens 0.2%, down 0.5 points from 0.7%. The other candidates, 207 at the by-election, took under 1% each. Turnout was 58.8%, against 74.4% in 2025.

The figures
Candidate2025By-electionChange
Pierre Poilievre, Conservative82.8%80.9%−1.9
Bonnie Critchley, Independent—9.8%—
Darcy Spady, Liberal11.7%4.1%−7.6
Katherine Swampy, New Democratic3.2%2.1%−1.1
Grant Abraham, United Party of Canada (UP)—1.5%—
People's Party1.6%——
Others0.7%1.4%+0.7

Still empty soonest deadline first

A seat left empty stays empty until a by-election fills it. The writ must issue between the 11th and the 180th day after the Speaker's warrant reaches the Chief Electoral Officer, and polling day falls 36 to 50 days after the writ, on a Monday. Parliament of Canada Act, s. 31(1) A seat that falls empty after January 15, 2029, nine months before the fixed date, waits for the general election. Parliament of Canada Act, s. 31(1.1)

  • Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot—Actonleft by Simon-Pierre Savard-Tremblay (independent, elected Bloc Québécois in 2025), resigned, writ by polls by
  • Scarborough Northleft by Shaun Chen (Liberal), resigned, writ by polls by
  • Rosemont—La Petite-Patrieleft by Alexandre Boulerice (independent, elected NDP in 2025), resigned, writ by polls by
  • Laurier—Sainte-Marieleft by Steven Guilbeault (Liberal), resigned, writ by polls by
  • Yorkton—Melvilleleft by Cathay Wagantall (Conservative), resigned, writ by polls by
  • Brantford—Brant Southleft by Larry Brock (Conservative), resigned, writ by polls by
In words

As of November 10, 2026, 6 seats wait for a by-election. Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot—Acton: Simon-Pierre Savard-Tremblay, an independent elected for the Bloc Québécois in 2025, resigned on June 19, 2026; the writ must issue by December 19, 2026, and polling day fall by February 1, 2027. Scarborough North: Shaun Chen, a Liberal, resigned on August 15, 2026; the writ must issue by February 13, 2027, and polling day fall by March 29, 2027. Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie: Alexandre Boulerice, an independent elected for the New Democrats in 2025, resigned on August 25, 2026; the writ must issue by February 22, 2027, and polling day fall by April 12, 2027. Laurier—Sainte-Marie: Steven Guilbeault, a Liberal, resigned on August 28, 2026; the writ must issue by February 27, 2027, and polling day fall by April 12, 2027. Yorkton—Melville: Cathay Wagantall, a Conservative, resigned on August 31, 2026; the writ must issue by February 28, 2027, and polling day fall by April 19, 2027. Brantford—Brant South: Larry Brock, a Conservative, resigned on September 18, 2026; the writ must issue by March 20, 2027, and polling day fall by May 3, 2027.

Q.Which House of Commons seats are vacant, and when are the by-elections?

A.As of November 1, 2026, 6 of the House of Commons' 343 seats are vacant: Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot—Acton, empty since June 19, 2026, a by-election to be called by December 19, 2026; Scarborough North, empty since August 15, 2026, a by-election to be called by February 13, 2027; Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie, empty since August 25, 2026, a by-election to be called by February 22, 2027; Laurier—Sainte-Marie, empty since August 28, 2026, a by-election to be called by February 27, 2027; Yorkton—Melville, empty since August 31, 2026, a by-election to be called by February 28, 2027; and Brantford—Brant South, empty since September 18, 2026, a by-election to be called by March 20, 2027. House of Commons, members list · When are the next federal by-elections in Canada?

Q.Which federal by-elections have been held since the 2025 election?

A.Seven by-elections have been held since April 28, 2025: Battle River—Crowfoot, August 18, 2025, won by Pierre Poilievre for the Conservatives; Scarborough Southwest, April 13, 2026, won by Doly Begum for the Liberals; Terrebonne, April 13, 2026, won by Tatiana Auguste for the Liberals; University—Rosedale, April 13, 2026, won by Danielle Martin for the Liberals; Beaches—East York, August 31, 2026, won by Tanveer Shahnawaz for the Liberals; Chicoutimi—Le Fjord, August 31, 2026, won by Daniel Gobeil for the Liberals; and North Vancouver—Capilano, August 31, 2026, won by Braeden Caley for the Liberals. Elections Canada, results · The by-elections held

4The next election

The fixed date of the next general election

2years11months5days

to polling day, or 1,070 days, counted from

561 of the term’s 1,631 days, from the election of to the fixed date, are gone (34%).

A general election is fixed for the third Monday of October in the fourth year after the last. Canada Elections Act, s. 56.1(2) It can come sooner: a government defeated on a question of confidence is expected to resign or ask for Parliament to be dissolved. Procedure and Practice, 4th ed., ch. 2

Q.When is the next federal election in Canada?

A.Canada's next federal general election is fixed by law for October 15, 2029, the third Monday of October in the fourth calendar year after the last; Parliament can be dissolved sooner. Canada Elections Act, s. 56.1(2) · The next general election

Kept beside the board

The economy since the election

Prices, jobs and the bank rate from the election of to today, as Statistics Canada and the Bank of Canada released them. Nothing here moves the board. Figures as fetched .

  1. Prices3.1%up from 3.0%Consumer prices, September 2026, out · Statistics Canada
    On election day, April 28, 2025, the latest figure for consumer prices was March 2025’s: up 2.3% in 12 months, Statistics Canada reported on April 15, 2025.

    Q.What is the inflation rate in Canada?

    A.Consumer prices rose 3.1% in the 12 months to September 2026, Statistics Canada reported on October 19, 2026. Statistics Canada, The Daily

  2. Out of work6.5%up from 6.4%Unemployment, September 2026, out · Statistics Canada
    On election day, April 28, 2025, the latest unemployment rate was 6.7% for March 2025, seasonally adjusted, Statistics Canada reported on April 4, 2025.

    Q.What is the unemployment rate in Canada?

    A.The unemployment rate was 6.5% in September 2026, seasonally adjusted, Statistics Canada reported on October 9, 2026. Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey

  3. Bank rate2.50%up from 2.25%Policy rate, since · Bank of Canada
    On election day, April 28, 2025, the Bank of Canada’s target for the overnight rate was 2.75%, in effect since March 13, 2025.

    Q.What is the Bank of Canada's interest rate?

    A.The Bank of Canada's target for the overnight rate has been 2.50% since October 29, 2026 (as of October 29, 2026). Bank of Canada, key interest rate

The record, in articles

Each rebuilt from the data, every figure dated and sourced, no cause stated. All articles →

  1. The December DeadlineStanding · Nov 1, 2026By December 19, 2026, a by-election must be called in Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot—Acton, the soonest deadline of the six empty House of Commons seats waiting for a call.
  2. Low Water in OctoberPoll watch · Oct 31, 2026At 29.8%, the Conservative mean of the national polls in October 2026 was the lowest of the 18 months since the 2025 election, under September’s 31.3.
  3. The Widest Gap Since the VotePoll watch · Sep 30, 2026At 15.5 points, the Liberal lead over the Conservatives in September 2026’s poll average is the widest in the 17 months since the 2025 election, past March’s 13.3.

Every riding

343 federal ridings by province, west to east, each with its member as of November 1, 2026.

British Columbia 43 ridings
Alberta 37 ridings
Saskatchewan 14 ridings
Manitoba 14 ridings
Ontario 122 ridings
Quebec 78 ridings
New Brunswick 10 ridings
Nova Scotia 11 ridings
Prince Edward Island 4 ridings
Newfoundland and Labrador 7 ridings
Yukon 1 riding
Northwest Territories 1 riding
Nunavut 1 riding

Each riding's record: whether its boundaries changed, how close it really was, how election day differed from the advance vote, what kind of place it is, and where it sits. Every number traceable, every caveat beside its figure. Take a province on the board to see its ridings close up, with the member standing on each.